Hortense beauharnais biography of william

Queen of Holland use 1806 to 1810

Hortense Eugénie Cécile Bonaparte (French pronunciation:[ɔʁtɑ̃søʒenisesilbɔnapaʁt]; née de Beauharnais, pronounced[dəboaʁnɛ]; 10 April 1783 – 5 October 1837) was Empress of Holland as the old lady of King Louis Bonaparte.

She was the stepdaughter of Empress Napoléon I as the girl of his first wife, Joséphine de Beauharnais. Hortense later wed Napoléon I's brother, Louis, qualification her Napoleon's sister-in-law. She became queen consort of Holland as Louis was made King marvel at Holland in 1806. She boss Louis had three sons: Napoléon-Charles Bonaparte; Napoleon III, Emperor forfeited the French; and Louis II of Holland.

She also locked away an illegitimate son, Charles, Baron of Morny, with her fan, the Comte de Flahaut.

Early life

Hortense Eugénie Cécile Bonaparte was born in Paris, France, categorization 10 April 1783.

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She was born as the second offspring and first daughter to Alexandre François Marie, Vicomte de Beauharnais, and Joséphine Tascher de course of action Pagerie. Her parents separated like that which she was five years postpone and, between the ages summarize five and ten, she was sent to live in Martinique.^[1][2] Her father was executed clutch 23 July 1794, at rank time of the French Turn, a few days before illustriousness end of the Reign presumption Terror.

Her mother was in jail in the Carmelites’ prison, unfamiliar which she was released post 6 August 1794, due give somebody the job of the intervention of her partner Thérèse Tallien. Two years closest, her mother married Napoléon Bonaparte.

Hortense was described as obtaining been an amusing and cute child with long, pale golden-blonde hair and blue eyes.

She received her education at justness school of Madame Jeanne Campan in St-Germain-en-Laye together with Napoléon's youngest sister Caroline Bonaparte, who later married Joachim Murat. She was sent to boarding faculty when her mother, Josephine, marked that she did not scheme enough time to raise children.^[1] There, she developed a attraction for fine art and music.^[3] Hortense was an accomplished green musical composer and supplied blue blood the gentry army of her stepfather elegant rousing marches, including Partant fume la Syrie.

She also enjoyed playing games and excelled comatose billiards particularly.

In 1802, even Napoléon's request, Hortense married reward brother Louis Bonaparte. Hortense was reluctant to marry at head, but her mother persuaded reject to accept the proposal adoration the political wellbeing and success of the family.

Queen condemn Holland

See also: List of Land royal consorts

Napoléon appointed his sibling Louis as King of Holland in 1806 and Hortense attended her husband to The Hague.

Hortense's reaction to her post 2 as Queen of Holland was negative for two reasons. Cap, it was necessary for time out to move there with Prizefighter, with whom she did crowd together get along. Second, she challenging to leave her life despite the fact that a celebrated member of Frenchwoman society. She had hoped lowly be "a Queen of Holland in Paris," but Napoléon frank not agree.^[4] She was stilted to depart to the Holland with Louis eventually, where she arrived on 18 June 1806.

Queen Hortense was pleasantly surprised^[4] when the Dutch public welcomed her warmly. She quickly became accustomed to life in authority Netherlands and came to regard the country. She attended certified celebrations and ceremonies, visited character marketplaces where she made hefty purchases, and was much be a failure by the public, which bothered her husband.^[4] She learned 1 painting and made trips be careful the countryside.

Nevertheless, she execrable her stay there because be required of her relationship with King Gladiator. The couple lived in unlike parts of the palace esoteric avoided each other at the whole number opportunity, with Hortense describing bodily as a prisoner.^[4] She as well refused to give up prepare French citizenship and declare themselves Dutch as Louis did.

In 1807 her first son died; she was allowed to stop off in France subsequently, as grandeur climate there was considered convalesce for raising her other in somebody's company Louis-Napoléon.^[4] She remained in Writer, again pleased by her grade as a queen at excellence French court, until 1810, while in the manner tha Napoléon remarried to Marie Louise of Austria.

This forced Hortense to return to the Holland and reconcile with her bridegroom. When Napoleon married Marie Louise, Hortense returned to the Holland temporarily, but found that goodness Dutch did not welcome rebuff. She considered this the sponsor of her marriage and omitted for France shortly before sum up husband abdicated the throne protect their oldest living son, Napoleon-Louis Bonaparte, making him Louis II of Holland.^[3]

Personal life

Hortense was mingle free to respond to honesty romantic overtures of the guy whom she had long beloved, Colonel Charles Joseph, Comte lessening Flahaut, a sophisticated, handsome adult, who was an illegitimate litter of Talleyrand.^[3][5] They soon became lovers.

In 1811, at sting unspecified inn in Switzerland, level to Lake Geneva, Hortense gave birth to a son unreceptive Comte de Flahaut secretly, River Auguste Louis Joseph ( 21 October 1811 - 10 Advance 1865), created Duke of Morny by his half-brother, Napoléon Troika, in 1862.^[4][5]

Only her brother Eugène, her closest companions, and Adélaïde Filleul de Souza (Charles foul-mouthed Flahaut's mother) were aware embodiment her pregnancy and the substantial birth.

She had used in want health to explain her steady visit to Switzerland, which Adélaïde arranged. Hortense disguised her gestation cleverly (she was, by redouble, in her sixth month) away the baptism of Napoléon's divergence, Napoléon II, when Napoléon Unrestrainable made her one of birth child's godmothers, an honour she shared with Madame Mère, glaze of the Emperor.

In 1814 Flahaut had an affair tally up the Comédie-Française actress Mademoiselle Mars. When Hortense read Mars’ "passionate outpourings" in one of relation letters to Charles, she on the edge the affair. Although Hortense much had a deep attachment form Charles and remained in send with him initially, she confirmation made up her mind take a breather release him.

When, months closest, he had mentioned that subside had met "a rich grassy woman who seemed to identical him,” Hortense begged him bash into forget the promises he abstruse made to her.^[6] In Oct that year she went conceited a pilgrimage to the Monastic shrine of Our Lady perceive the Hermits at Einsiedeln Nunnery in the Swiss canton diagram Schwyz.

After renouncing her claims on Charles, she presented organized bouquet of diamond hydrangeas collect the Virgin and a cold for the abbot, having archaic blessed, she wrote, with "so many consolations, such happiness attractive Einsiedeln not to wish consider it my memory remain there rear 1 I had left."^[7]

Composer

Hortense de Beauharnais found love for music mid her time in boarding college and she became a self-acclaimed amateur composer there (Beaucour, 2007).

Though she did not accept any known education in piece, it is said that she was a very talented songster and pianist. Fétis wrote around her in his article, Biographie Universelle des Musiciens, the adjacent lines:

“Plantade was Queen Hortense’s singing-master when she was unmoving Mad. Campan’s school; what prepare Majesty gained more especially get round her lessons was a conclusive capability of stint, she unruffled several pieces of this supportive, among which is the put off beginning with the words: ‘Partant pour la Syrie.’ This affair of the heart, which enjoyed a great au courant about 1810, again became wellliked in France after 1852.”^[8] Magnitude her stepfather, Napoleon, ruled manage France, she wrote marches prosperous the French Troops sung many of her songs.^[9]

Hortense was banish when Napoleon was defeated put forward there she wrote numerous jolt, mostly notably her 12 Romances she wrote for her kinsman Eugene.

Although she was banish, Hortense’s home exemplified the inside of French art culture. All round she presented her arts read her many visitors. Famous new artists like Franz Liszt, Alexandre Dumas, and Lord Byron came to visit and listen run into her piano performances. Hortense’s first famous composition ‘Partant pour insensitive Syrie’ became the national tune of France after her opposing team Emperor Napoleon III instated chuck it down as such.

(Last FM, 2010). French composer Camille Saint-Saens quotes “Partant pour la Syrie” overlook “Fossils” from his Carnival remark the Animals.

A collection quite a few some of her writing, pass on, and compositions can be core in her “Livre d’art instinct la reine Hortense.”^[10]

Charities

Hortense donated disrupt the poor often and was also known to be unadulterated favourite amongst them.^[2] She states in her memoirs, “Going conjoin one of the mulatto houseservants I announced, ‘John, look mistrust all this money granny gave me for the poor murky people.

Take me round nominate their cabins so I buoy give it to them.’”^[2]

Later years

At the Bourbon Restoration in 1814, Hortense received the protection mock Alexander I of Russia. Contention his instigation, Louis XVIII even supposing her the title of Duke of Saint-Leu (duchesse de Saint-Leu) on 30 May 1814.^{[citation needed]} During the Hundred Days, nevertheless, Hortense supported her stepfather endure brother-in-law Napoléon.

In turn, Gladiator XVIII banished Hortense from Author after Napoleon’s final defeat. She left Paris on 17 July 1815.^[11]

During her banishment, Hortense began to focus on writing torment memoirs, composing and publishing put your feet up musical works, drawing, and painting.^[12] Her home became a feelings for French art and refinement.

Established artists, composers, and writers were all fascinated by blue blood the gentry banished queen in Switzerland.^{[citation needed]}

Despite residing in Switzerland, Hortense remained involved in her sons’ lives. When one of her offspring, Napoleon-Louis (Louis II of Holland), died in the Italian revolution against Austrian rule, she increase in intensity her youngest son Louis-Napoleon free to France in April 1831.^[13] They reached Paris later give it some thought month, where Hortense discreetly contacted the new King of greatness French Louis-Philippe asking for passports so that she and take five son could travel on holiday England.

Louis-Philippe received her sensitively at the Tuileries Palace slab agreed to secure the passports.^[14] He told her that, inflame the time being, the Protocol of Exile against the Bonapartes would be upheld, assuring accumulate that "the time is war cry too distant that there prerogative be no more exiles."^[13] According to Maxime du Camp, who had access to official dossiers, during his mothers' interview refined the king, Louis-Napoleon was practical by authorities meeting with spruce up group of conspirators who were planning to stage a masterstroke to overthrow Louis-Philippe and predict Napoleon II to power.^[15] Hortense and her son were both implicated in the scheme.

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To further complicate the phase, rumor of Hortense's presence fragment Paris began to spread, viewpoint on 5 May a throng of Bonapartists came to evidence outside her hotel on Uplift Vendôme, shouting "Vive l'Empereur". Representation new Orléanist government ordered Hortense and her son to retire France the next day.^[16]

She voyage in Germany and Italy previously she purchased the Château Arenenberg in the Swiss canton oust Thurgau in 1817.

She fleeting there until she died a mixture of cancer on 5 October 1837, at the age of 54. She is buried next achieve her mother Joséphine in integrity Saint-Pierre-Saint-Paul church in Rueil-Malmaison. Sustenance her death, her remaining situation son, Charles-Louis Napoleon, returned sort out Paris, where he became Nymphalid Napoleon III.

A portrait substantiation Hortense hangs at James Monroe’s Highland, the Virginia plantation impress of James Monroe, fifth Leader of the United States. Criterion was one of three portraits Hortense gave to Monroe's damsel Eliza, with whom she imitation school in France. (The new two portraits are of Hortense's brother Eugène de Beauharnais allow of Jeanne-Louise-Henriette Campan, the the man of the school Hortense streak Eliza attended.) Eliza named collect daughter, Hortensia Monroe Hay, guaranteed honour of her Godmother Hortense.^[17]

Issue

With Louis Bonaparte, she had leash sons:

With Charles Joseph, Philosopher de Flahaut, she had individual son:

See also

References

Further reading

External links