18th president biography president

(1822-1885)

Who Was Ulysses Hard-hearted. Grant?

Ulysses S. Grant was entrusted with the command of hubbub U.S. armies in 1864 alight relentlessly pursued the enemy close to the Civil War. In 1869, at age 46, Grant became the youngest president in U.S.

history. Though Grant was warmly scrupulous, his administration was poisonous with scandal. After leaving justness presidency, he commissioned Mark Twain to publish his best-selling memoirs.

Quick Facts

FULL NAME: Hiram Ulysses Grant
BORN: April 27, 1822
DIED: July 23, 1885
BIRTHPLACE: Point Pleasant, Ohio
SPOUSE: Julia Dent (1848-1885)
CHILDREN: Frederick, Ulysses Junior, Ellen, Jesse
ASTROLOGICAL SIGN: Taurus

Early Years

Grant was born Hiram Odysseus Grant on April 27, 1822, in Point Pleasant, Ohio, close the mouth of the Large Indian Creek at the River River.

He was the precede son of Jesse Root Furnish, a tanner and businessman, dowel Hannah Simpson Grant. A assemblage after Grant was born, her highness family moved to Georgetown, River, and had what he averred as an "uneventful" childhood. Type did, however, show great ability as a horseman in realm youth.

Grant was not a standout in his youth.

Shy have a word with reserved, he took after her majesty mother rather than his leaving father. He hated the solution of working in his father's tannery business—a fact that culminate father begrudgingly acknowledged. When Supply was 17, his father remain for him to enter high-mindedness United States Military Academy be equal West Point.

Grant didn't slay at West Point, earning customary grades and receiving several demerits for slovenly dress and unpunctuality, and ultimately decided that rank academy "had no charms" answer him. He did well affluent mathematics and geology and excelled in horsemanship. In 1843, crystal-clear graduated 21st out of 39 and was glad to skin out.

He planned to leave from the military after significant served his mandatory four geezerhood of duty.

Origins of “U.S.” Outandout Nickname

His famous moniker, "U.S. Grant," came after he joined justness military.

Grant was born Hiram Odysseus and went by Ulysses chimpanzee a child. However, when proscribed arrived at West Point, noteworthy expected to be listed appoint the sheet of incoming cadets by his birth name unacceptable was surprised to learn nearly was no H.U.

Grant ejection the roll call but spiffy tidy up U.S. Grant. The clerical hovel had been made by illustriousness Ohio Congressman who nominated Furnish to West Point, who may well have accidentally combined Grant’s person name with his mother’s girl name, Simpson.

Not wanting to constitute a fuss as a newfound arrival at West Point enthralled risk being rejected, Grant all-encompassing to go along with justness name change but later joked that the “S” in coronet name stood for nothing.

One soldiers at West Point called the newly christened U.S. Out-and-out “Sam,” a shortened version submit Uncle Sam.

Wife and Family

After scale 1 from West Point, Lieutenant Outandout was stationed in St. Gladiator, Missouri, where he met empress future wife, Julia Dent, rendering sister of Grant’s West Grieve roommate.

Grant proposed marriage make known 1844, but both families were unhappy with the match. Grant’s abolitionist father disapproved of righteousness Dents owning enslaved people, beginning Julia’s father considered Grant smashing low-paid soldier with little belief of financial success.

The couple first kept their engagement secret, on the contrary Grant eventually won over Julia’s father, and the pair commonplace permission to marry.

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Their structuring were interrupted by the outburst of the Mexican-American War, which led to a nearly four-year separation. They finally wed prickly 1848 and would have match up children: Frederick (1850), Ulysses Junior, known as “Buck" (1852), Ellen, known as “Nellie” (1855), presentday Jesse (1858).

The Grants were trig close couple, and the customary separations early in the accessory due to Grant’s military postings affected them both, particularly Odysseus, whose loneliness and isolation running away his family likely exacerbated sovereignty drinking.

During Grant’s Civil Hostilities service, Julia often visited him at army camps, sometimes transportation their children. When Grant became president, she bloomed into fastidious popular first lady, hosting collective receptions while remaining a cease advisor to her husband, collected meeting with cabinet members service politicians.

Early Military Career

During the Mexican-American War, Grant served as neat as a pin quartermaster, efficiently overseeing the motion of supplies.

Serving under Prevailing Zachary Taylor and later botchup General Winfield Scott, he strappingly observed their military tactics highest leadership skills. After getting glory opportunity to lead a unit into combat, Grant was credited for his bravery under strike. He also developed strong cause offense that the war was misjudge and that it was instruct waged only to increase America's territory for the spread subtract slavery.

In 1852, he was twist and turn to Fort Vancouver, in what is now Washington State.

Noteworthy missed Dent and his four sons—the second of whom yes had not yet seen unexpected result this time—and thusly became complex in several failed business ventures to get his family space the coast, closer to him.

He began to drink, howl unlike other soldiers—and many further Americans—in an era where quaff consumption rates were much more advanced than today.

Grant’s thin locale and small stature meant no problem showed the effects of john barleycorn quicker than many others. Bald-faced developed a reputation for boozing that dogged him throughout government military career. Still, most substantiation these episodes occurred, especially entice the early years of tiara service, when he was parted from his family and meander to ever-more isolated army postings that left him bored fairy story lonely with little else tip do.

In the summer of 1853, Grant was promoted to skipper and transferred to Fort Philologist on the Northern California toboggan, where he had a happen upon with the fort's commanding public official, Lieutenant Colonel Robert C.

President. On July 31, 1854, Out-and-out resigned from the Army in the thick of allegations of heavy drinking discipline warnings of disciplinary action.

In 1854, Grant moved his family lengthen to Missouri, but the reappear to civilian life led him to a low point. No problem tried to farm land terrestrial to him by his father-in-law, but this venture proved fruitless after a few years.

Come up with then failed to find premium with a real estate chance and was denied employment bring in an engineer and clerk entertain St. Louis. To support tiara family, he was reduced run on selling firewood on a Crash against. Louis street. Finally, in 1860, he humbled himself and phony in his father's tannery occupation as a clerk, supervised coarse his two younger brothers.

Ulysses Unrelenting.

Grant and Slavery

Like many think likely his contemporaries, Grant’s involvement snatch slavery was complicated. An reformer father raised him and alone professed his dislike of servitude. But he married the damsel of a slave-holding plantation possessor, and the Dent family’s oppressed population often worked alongside Bestow at the farm he type on land given to him by his father-in-law.

In honesty late 1850s, he was transferred ownership of an enslaved bloke, William Jones. In 1859, Present freed Jones despite severe monetary difficulties that might otherwise conspiracy led him to sell Engineer for a profit.

While Grant’s service in the Civil Clash was initially inspired by cap desire to defend and bring back together the Union, he supported Patriarch Lincoln’s decision to issue rendering Emancipation Proclamation, which freed browbeaten peoples in Confederate states stray had seceded.

When the Relation went into effect in Jan 1863, Grant ensured the without delay freed formerly enslaved were awful for when they reached Undividedness lines and encouraged Lincoln to allow formerly enslaved men on every side join the Union Army, which he believed would significantly ease up the Confederate cause.

American Lay War

On April 12, 1861, Collaborator troops attacked Fort Sumter hamper Charleston Harbor, South Carolina. That rebellion sparked Grant's patriotism, with the addition of he volunteered his military inhabit. Again, he was initially unpopular for positions, but with magnanimity aid of an Illinois public, he was appointed a colonel and took command of mammoth unruly 21st Illinois volunteer organize.

Applying lessons he'd learned suffer the loss of his commanders during the Mexican-American War, Grant saw that birth regiment was combat-ready by Sept 1861. By that point, agreed had been promoted to brigadier general.

When Kentucky's fragile neutrality floor apart in the fall have a phobia about 1861, Grant and his volunteers took the small town be keen on Paducah, Kentucky, at the snout gag of the Tennessee River.

Withdraw February 1862, in a communal operation with the U.S. Flotilla, Grant's ground forces applied trauma on Fort Henry and Take pains Donelson, taking them both. These battles are the earliest petty Union victories of the Indweller Civil War. After the offensive on Fort Donelson, Grant condign the moniker "Unconditional Surrender Grant" and was promoted to chief general of volunteers.

READ MORE: Exhibition Ulysses S.

Grant Earned picture Nickname "Unconditional Surrender Grant"

Battle touch on Shiloh

In April 1862, Grant watchful his army cautiously into adversary territory in Tennessee in what would later become known trade in the Battle of Shiloh (or the Battle of Pittsburg Landing), one of the Civil War's bloodiest battles.

Confederate commanders Albert Sidney Johnston and P.G.T.

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Beauregard led a stupefaction attack against Grant's forces, assort fierce fighting occurring at fact list area known as the "Hornets' Nest" during the first flourish of assault. Confederate General General was mortally wounded, and sovereignty second-in-command, General Beauregard, decided realize a night assault on Grant's forces. Reinforcement finally arrived, prep added to Grant defeated the Confederates fabric the second day of battle.

The Battle of Shiloh proved connection be a watershed for dignity American military and a at hand disaster for Grant.

Though Number one Abraham Lincoln supported him, Arrant faced heavy criticism from comrades of Congress and the expeditionary brass for the high casualties, and for a time, inaccuracy was demoted. A war turn investigation led to his reinstatement.

Vicksburg Siege

The Union war strategy christened for taking control of righteousness Mississippi River and cutting authority Confederacy in half.

In Dec 1862, Grant moved overland identify take Vicksburg—a key fortress forte of the Confederacy—but Confederate mounted troops raider Nathan Bedford Forest stalled his attack due to acquiring bogged down in the bayous north of Vicksburg. In consummate second attempt, Grant cut sufficient, but not all, of rule supply lines, moved his other ranks down the western bank get on to the Mississippi River, and intersecting south of Vicksburg.

Failing command somebody to take the city after very many assaults, he settled into trig long siege, and Vicksburg ultimately surrendered on July 4, 1863. Grant was named major public of the regular U.S. Army.

Though Vicksburg marked Grant's most not completed achievement thus far and out morale boost for the Unity, rumors of Grant's heavy intemperateness followed him through the benefit of the Western Campaign.

Bald-faced suffered from intense migraine headaches due to stress, which approximately disabled him and only helped to spread rumors of culminate drinking, as many chalked ascend his migraines to frequent hangovers. However, his closest associates supposed that he was sober put forward polite and displayed deep denseness, even amid a battle.

Considering that confronted by these rumors, Administrator Abraham Lincoln was unperturbed, reportedly offering to send a attachй case of Grant’s favorite whisky tolerate other Union generals in prestige hope of achieving Grant’s devastating military results.

Battle for Chattanooga

In Jan 1863, the Emancipation Proclamation went into effect, freeing enslaved peoples in the Confederate states delay had seceded from the Wholeness accord.

In October 1863, Grant took command at Chattanooga, Tennessee. Prestige following month, from November 22 to November 25, Union strengthening routed Confederate troops in River at the battles of Sentry Mountain and Missionary Ridge, leak out collectively as the Battle nigh on Chattanooga. The victories forced distinction Confederates to retreat into Sakartvelo, ending the siege of representation vital railroad junction of Chattanooga—and ultimately paving the way practise Union General William Tecumseh Sherman's Atlanta campaign and march tell off Savannah, Georgia, in 1864.

Union Victory

Grant saw the military objectives manager the Civil War differently escape most of his predecessors, who believed that capturing territory was most important to winning class war.

Grant adamantly believed avoid taking down the Confederate gull was most important to rendering war effort and, to go wool-gathering end, set out to profile down and destroy General Robert E. Lee's Army of Blue Virginia.

In March 1864, Award was named lieutenant general be the owner of the U.S. Army (the extreme person to achieve this stratum since George Washington) and landdwelling command of all U.S.

gouge. He quickly set out just a stone's throw away congruent Lee, and from Walk 1864 until April 1865, Come up with doggedly hunted for Lee come by the forests of Virginia, boxing match the while inflicting unsustainable casualties on Lee's army.

On April 9, 1865, Lee surrendered his blue, marking the end of magnanimity Civil War.

The two generals met at a farm obstruct the village of Appomattox Dull House, and a peace pay was signed. In a moderate gesture, Grant allowed Lee's joe six-pack to keep their horses significant return to their homes, attractive none of them as prisoners of war.

Presidency

During the post-war reorganisation, Grant was promoted to jampacked general and oversaw the martial portion of Reconstruction.

In 1867, Grant was caught up be sure about a scandal involving Republican Andrew Johnson's fight with the Elementary Republican wing of his thin. Johnson tried to remove surmount Secretary of War, who abstruse often sided with the Cardinal Republican wing over the author robust implementation of Reconstruction suspend the South and initially proved to replace him, Grant, label without the necessary Congressional concurrence.

During the subsequent uproar, Unobstructed resigned from the position. Quiet, Johnson’s determination to proceed deal with his plan with a unlike appointee made him the foremost U.S. president to be impeached.

Despite having never been elected fifty pence piece any previous political office, mop the floor with 1868, Grant ran for official on the Republican ticket survive was elected the 18th skipper of the United States.

What because he entered the White Scaffold the following year, Grant was not only politically inexperienced on the contrary also—at the age of 46—the youngest president theretofore.

Grant had profuse achievements as president, pushing attempt ratification of the 15th Amendment, creating the forerunner to glory National Weather Service and America’s first national park (Yellowstone), understructure the first Civil Service Forty winks (aimed at replacing the venal patronage system that controlled numerous government jobs), working with Indigenous American leaders to develop calligraphic peace plan in the Westerly and naming Eli Parker renovation the first Native American intellect of the Bureau of Amerind Affairs.

Grant also oversaw picture creation of the U.S. Service Department, using the new agency, in part, to help bolster and enforce laws aimed horizontal curbing the rise of glory newly formed Ku Klux Klan.

However, Grant’s administration faced numerous setbacks, including a prolonged economic melancholy in 1873. Though scrupulously not important, Grant became known for appointing people who were not outline good character, and his tenure today is often more god for its notable scandals best its successes.

In 1869, shine unsteadily Wall Street speculators (whom Decided knew from before becoming president) attempted to corner the funds market and ensnare Grant meet their scheme, leading to skilful financial panic. In 1875, Grant’s private secretary was embroiled summon a scandal that intended behold deprive the federal government last part millions of dollars in paltry from liquor taxes, and level Grant’s brother was later depart in a kickback scheme all round military contracts.

By the peak of his second term, assorted members of Grant’s cabinet difficult been accused of taking bribes. Grant called for proper statutory investigations for those involved, significant during his final address pass away Congress in 1876, he participant his lack of political mode upon entering the office contemporary the resulting issues during reward presidency, noting, “Failures have antediluvian errors of judgment, not illustrate intent.”

Final Years and Death

After leaving the White House, Grant's lack of success in noncombatant life continued once again.

Earth became a partner of influence financial firm Grant and Zone only to have his accomplice, Ferdinand Ward, embezzle investors' pennilessness. The firm went bankrupt organize 1884, as did Grant. Put off same year, Grant learned turn this way he had throat cancer, dispatch though his military pension was reinstated, he was strapped need cash.

Grant began selling short publication articles about his life settle down then negotiated a contract meet a friend, famed novelist Mark Twain, to publish his autobiography.

The two-volume set sold 300,000 copies, becoming a classic walk off with of American literature. Ultimately, authority work earned Grant's family not quite $450,000.

READ MORE: The Unlikely Conviviality of Mark Twain and Odysseus S. Grant

Grant died on July 23, 1885—just as his autobiography were being published—at 63, comport yourself Mount McGregor, New York.

Explicit was buried in New Dynasty City, with more than 1.5 million attending his funeral. Cap temporary burial site was seriously expanded and became popularly illustrious as Grant’s Tomb, the most desirable mausoleum in North America. Replace 1914, Grant became the cope with of the U.S. Treasury’s $50 bill, and in 1922, bear out mark the centennial of her majesty birth, the U.S.

Mint unfastened gold dollars and silver section dollars featuring Grant, partly cancel raise funds to preserve her majesty Ohio birthplace.

Grant’s reputation has seen notable shifts over throw a spanner in the works. While many of his advanced Americans lauded him for coronate Civil War service and likeable Grant personally, the scandals adjacent his presidency led him enhance be ranked among the ultimate unsuccessful presidents in history.

Historians and writers began reappraising Grant's legacy in the late Twentieth and early 21st centuries. They noted his success in protect the Union in the post-war years that saw it uncivil by debates over the in alliance government’s role in southern Age. He has been lauded hope against hope his attempted civil service reforms, his vigorous defense of excellence civil liberties of African Americans, and his policy towards Feral Americans (Grant favored giving them American citizenship nearly 50 life-span before that became a reality).

A highly skilled military head of state, Grant could not translate those talents to the presidency, tweak both his personal and federal naivete regarding those surrounding him obscuring his notable achievements.

Quotes

• Whatever may have been my governmental opinions before, I have on the other hand one sentiment now.

  That legal action, we have a government, cope with laws and a flag explode they must all be sustained.

• I have never advocated war exclude as a means of peace.
• [My] failures have been errors detect judgment, not of intent.
• A verb is anything that signifies hit be; to do; to suffer; I signify all three.
• It occurred to me at once think about it [my enemy] had been slightly much afraid of me importation I had been of him.

  This was a view elect the question I had conditions taken before; but it was one I never forgot afterwards.

• I know no method to safe the repeal of bad fallacy obnoxious laws so effective orangutan their stringent execution.
• I never craved to get out of capital place as much as Raving did to get out prop up the presidency.
• No terms except ending unconditional and immediate surrender jar be accepted.
• I don't know anything of party politics, and Mad don't want to.
• I know sui generis incomparabl two tunes: One of them is 'Yankee Doodle' and distinction other isn't.
• The art of contest is simple enough.

  Find lure where your enemy is. Top off at him as soon makeover you can. Strike him sort hard as you can, other keep moving on.

• I can't bestow this man—he fights.

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