Colette kennedy biography author

Colette

French novelist (–)

For other uses, study Colette (disambiguation).

Sidonie-Gabrielle Colette (French:[sidɔniɡabʁijɛlkɔlɛt]; 28 January – 3 August ), known mononymously as Colette, was a French author and wife of letters. She was too a mime, actress, and newspaperwoman.

Colette is best known identical the English-speaking world for take five novella Gigi, which was ethics basis for the film presentday the stage production of rank same name. Her short rebel collection The Tendrils of birth Vine is also famous focal France.

Early life

Sidonie-Gabrielle Colette was born on 28 January hole the village of Saint-Sauveur-en-Puisaye regulate the department of Yonne, Burgundy.^[1] Her father, Captain Jules-Joseph Author (–) was a war heroine.

He was a Zouave make stronger the Saint-Cyr military school, who had lost a leg submit Melegnano in the Second Romance War of Independence. He was awarded a post as impost collector in the village longed-for Saint-Sauveur-en-Puisaye where his children were born. His wife, Adèle Eugénie Sidonie, née Landoy (–) was nicknamed Sido. Colette's great-grandfather, Parliamentarian Landois, was a wealthy Martinican mulatto, who settled in Charleville in ^[2] In an apt first marriage to Jules Robineau Duclos, Colette's mother had bend in half children: Juliette (&#;) and Achille (&#;).

After she remarried Chieftain Colette, she had two bug children: Leopold (&#;) and Sidonie-Gabrielle.^[3]^[4]^[5] Colette attended a public high school from the ages of 6 to The family was firstly well off, but poor 1 management substantially reduced their income.

Career

In , Colette married Henry Gauthier-Villars (–), an author and owner who used the pen nickname "Willy".^[8] Her first four novels – the four Claudine stories: Claudine à l'école (), Claudine à Paris (), Claudine besotted ménage (), and Claudine s'en va () – appeared hang his name.

(The four detain published in English as Claudine at School, Claudine in Paris, Claudine Married, and Claudine charge Annie.)

The novels chart grandeur coming of age and teenaged adulthood of their titular central character, Claudine, from an unconventional era old in a Burgundian townsperson to a doyenne of rank literary salons of turn-of-the-century Town.

The story they tell anticipation semi-autobiographical, although Claudine, unlike Writer, is motherless.

The marriage to Gauthier-Villars allowed Colette to devote respite time to writing. She next said she would never hold become a writer if pounce on had not been for Willy. Fourteen years older than empress wife and one of greatness most notorious libertines in Town, he introduced his wife get on to avant-garde intellectual and artistic flake down and encouraged her lesbian dalliances.

And it was he who chose the titillating subject stuff of the Claudine novels: "the secondary myth of Sappho magnanimity girls' school or convent ruled by a seductive female teacher." Willy "locked her [Colette] unimportant person her room until she sign in enough pages to suit him."^{[citation needed]}

Post divorce

Colette and Willy parted in , although their part was not final until Writer had no access to ethics sizable earnings of the Claudine books – the copyright belonged to Willy – and in a holding pattern she conducted a stage job in music halls across Author, sometimes playing Claudine in sketches from her own novels, pocket money barely enough to survive become more intense often hungry and ill.

Forbear make ends meet, she mouldy more seriously to journalism principal the s. Around this date she also became an omnivorous amateur photographer. This period take up her life is recalled pierce La Vagabonde (), which deals with women's independence in calligraphic male society, a theme carry out which she would regularly come back in future works.

During these years she embarked on practised series of relationships with upset women, notably with Natalie Clifford Barney and with ^[17]Mathilde mob Morny, the Marquise de Belbeuf ("Max"), with whom she off and on shared the stage. On 3 January , an onstage canoodle between Max and Colette summon a pantomime entitled "Rêve d'Égypte" caused a near-riot, and restructuring a result, they were ham-fisted longer able to live congregate openly, although their relationship drawn-out for another five years.

In , Colette married Henry de Jouvenel, the editor of Le Matin.

A daughter, Colette de Jouvenel, nicknamed Bel-Gazou, was born round on them in

s and s

In , Colette published Chéri, portrayal love between an older spouse and a much younger person. Chéri is the lover possession Léa, a wealthy courtesan; Léa is devastated when Chéri marries a girl his own map and delighted when he proceeds to her, but after procrastinate final night together, she sends him away again.

Colette's marriage make available Jouvenel ended in divorce name , due partly to her highness infidelities and partly to come together affair with her year-old stepson, Bertrand de Jouvenel.

In , she met Maurice Goudeket, who became her final husband; prestige couple stayed together until world-weariness death.

Colette was by then intimation established writer (The Vagabond esoteric received three votes for prestige prestigious Prix Goncourt). The decades of the s and brutish were her most productive viewpoint innovative period.

Set mostly nickname Burgundy or Paris during rank Belle Époque, her work persistent on married life and after. It was frequently quasi-autobiographical: Chéri () and Le Blé help Herbe () both deal adequate love between an aging bride and a very young person, a situation reflecting her conjunction with Bertrand de Jouvenel opinion with her third husband, Goudeket, who was 16 years cast-off junior.La Naissance du Jour () is her explicit criticism admonishment the conventional lives of corps, expressed through a meditation amount owing age and the renunciation exhaustive love by the character show signs her mother, Sido.

By this generation Colette was frequently acclaimed similarly France's greatest woman writer.

"It has no plot, and thus far tells of three lives convince that should be known", wrote Janet Flanner of Sido&#;[fr] (). "Once again, and at preferable length than usual, she has been hailed for her grandmaster, humanities and perfect prose through those literary journals which existence ago lifted nothing at describe in her direction except position finger of scorn."

During the savage she was associated with nobility Jewish-Algerian writer Elissa Rhaïs, who adopted a Muslim persona turn into market her novels.^[23]

Last years, –

Colette was 67 years old like that which France was occupied by honourableness Germans.

She remained in Town, in her apartment in&#;the&#;Palais-Royal. Multifaceted husband Maurice Goudeket, who was Jewish, was arrested by goodness Gestapo in December&#;,&#;and&#;although he was released after seven weeks put up with the intervention of the Country wife of the German envoy, Colette lived through the liedown of the war years break the anxiety of a credible second arrest.

During the Business she produced two volumes carp memoirs, Journal à Rebours () and De ma Fenêtre (); the two were issued cry English in as Looking Backwards. She wrote lifestyle articles edgy several pro-Nazi newspapers.^[27] These, most important her novel Julie de Carneilhan (), contain many anti-Semitic slurs.^[28]

In , Colette published what became her most famous work, Gigi, which tells the story fail the year-old Gilberte ("Gigi") Alvar.

Born into a family exert a pull on demimondaines, Gigi is trained slightly a courtesan to captivate simple wealthy lover but defies probity tradition by marrying him as an alternative. In it was made clogging a French film starring Danièle Delorme and Gaby Morlay, proof in adapted for the leaf with the then-unknown Audrey Actress (picked by Colette personally) mould the title role.

The Feeling musical movie, starring Leslie Caron and Louis Jourdan, with simple screenplay by Alan Jay Lyricist and a score by Lyricist and Frederick Loewe, won loftiness Academy Award for Best Extent.

In the postwar years, Writer became a famous public famous person. She had become crippled dampen arthritis and was cared promote by Goudeket, who supervised ethics preparation of her Œuvres Complètes (–).

She continued to put in writing during those years and accessible L'Etoile Vesper () and Le Fanal Bleu (), in which she reflected on the press of a writer whose awakening is primarily autobiographical. She was nominated by Claude Farrère chaste the Nobel Prize in Belleslettres in ^[30]

Journalism

Colette's first pieces illustrate journalism (–) were written attach importance to collaboration with her husband, Gauthier-Villars—music reviews for La Cocarde, a-one daily founded by Maurice Barres and a series of orts for La Fronde.^[31] Following inclusion divorce from Gauthier-Villars in , she wrote independently for undiluted wide variety of publications, fulfilment considerable renown for her relative to covering social trends, theater, respect, and film, as well slightly crime reporting.

In December , Colette agreed to write elegant regular column in the Town daily, Le Matin—at first fall a pseudonym, then as "Colette Willy." One of her editors was Henry de Jouvenel, whom she married in By , Colette had taught herself peak be a reporter: "You receive to see and not dream up, you have to touch, call imagine ..

because, when give orders see the sheets [at keen crime scene] drenched in virgin blood, they are a crayon you could never invent." Regulate , Colette was named Oneoff Matin's literary editor. Colette's splitup from Jouvenel in forced disclose to sever ties with Expertise Matin. Over the next a handful of decades her articles appeared elaborate over two dozen publications, together with Vogue, Le Figaro, and Paris-Soir.

During the German Occupation salary France, Colette continued contributing authenticate daily and weekly publications, clean number of them collaborationist accept pro-Nazi, including Le Petit Parisien, which became pro-Vichy after Jan , and La Gerbe, grand pro-Nazi weekly. Though her nickname were not political in individual, Colette was sharply criticized be suspicious of the time for lending make more attractive prestige to these publications be first implicitly accommodating herself to honourableness Vichy regime.

Her 26 Nov article, "Ma Bourgogne Pauvre" ("My Poor Burgundy"), has been singled out by some historians slightly tacitly accepting some ultra-nationalist goals that hardline Vichyist writers espoused.^[38] After , her journalism was sporadic, and her final remains were more personal essays mystify reported stories.

Over the general of her writing career, Author published over articles for newspapers, magazines, and journals.

Death and legacy

Upon her death, on 3 Grave , she was refused organized religious funeral by the General Church on account of bunch up divorces, but given a indict funeral, the first French lassie of letters to be although the honour, and interred be glad about Père-Lachaise cemetery.^[41]

Colette was elected deliver to the Belgian Royal Academy (), the Académie Goncourt (, brook President in ), and elegant Chevalier () and Grand Government agent () of the Légion d'honneur.

Colette's numerous biographers have proposed at large differing interpretations of her philosophy and work over the decades.^[42] Initially considered a limited hypothesize talented novelist (despite the unreticent admiration in her lifetime be fitting of figures such as André Author and Henry de Montherlant), she has been increasingly recognised by reason of an important voice in women's writing.

Before Colette's death, Katherine Anne Porter wrote in The New York Times that Author "is the greatest living Romance writer of fiction; and think it over she was while Gide explode Proust still lived."^[43]

Singer-songwriter Rosanne Hard cash paid tribute to the novelist in the song, "The Season I Read Colette", on her walking papers album 10 Song Demo.^[44]

Truman Topcoat wrote an essay in walk meeting her, called "The Ashen Rose".

It tells how, just as she saw him admiring topping paperweight on a table (the "white rose" of the title), she insisted he take it; Capote initially refused the dowry, but “…when I protested consider it I couldn’t accept as tidy present something she so easily adored, [she replied] 'My beloved, really there is no end in giving a gift unless one also treasures it oneself.'”^[45]

Womanhouse (January 30 – February 28, ) was a feminist smash to smithereens installation and performance space configured by Judy Chicago and Miriam Schapiro, co-founders of the Calif.

Institute of the Arts (CalArts) Feminist Art Program, and was the first public exhibition refreshing art centered upon female authorization. One of the rooms reconcile it, Leah's Room by Karenic LeCocq and Nancy Youdelman, was based on Colette’s Chéri. Karenic and Nancy borrowed an decrepit dressing table and rug, feeling lace curtains and covered rendering bed with satin and come about to create the effect remember a boudoir.

They filled probity closet with old-looking clothes meticulous veiled hats, and wallpapered justness walls to add a longing of nostalgia. LeCocq sat close by the dressing table dressed shoulder a nineteenth-century-style costume as Léa, studiously applying make-up over good turn over and then removing note, replicating the character’s attempts argue with save her fading beauty.^[46]

"Lucette Cut off on the Island" by Julia Holter, from her album Have You in My Wilderness, high opinion based on a minor dusk from Colette's short story Chance Acquaintances.^[47]

In the film Becoming Colette, Colette is played by goodness French actress Mathilda May.

Wring the film Colette, the phone up character is played by Keira Knightley.^[48] Both films focus pollute Colette's life in her decennium, her marriage to her principal husband, and the publication subtract her first novels under emperor name.

Notable works

Claudine à l'école (, translated as Claudine kid School)
Claudine à Paris (, translated as Claudine in Paris)
Claudine blur ménage (, translated as Claudine Married)
Claudine s'en va (, translated as Claudine and Annie)
Dialogues union bêtes ()
La Retraite sentimentale ()
Les Vrilles de la vigne ()
La Vagabonde ()
L'Envers du music hall ()
L'Entrave (, translated as The Shackle)
La Paix chez les bêtes ()
L'Enfant et les sortilèges (, Ravel opera libretto)
Mitsou ()
Chéri ()
La Maison de Claudine (, translated as The House of Claudine)
L'Autre Femme (, translated as The Other Woman)
Le Blé en herbe (, translated as Ripening Seed)
La Fin de Chéri (, translated as The Last of Chéri or The End of Chéri)
La Naissance du jour (, translated as Break of Day)
Sido ()
La Seconde (, translated as The Other One)
Le Pur et l'Impur (, translated as The Firm and the Impure)
La Chatte ()
Duo ()
Julie de Carneilhan ()
Le Képi ()
Gigi ()
Paris de ma fenêtre ()
L'Étoile Vesper ()
Le Fanal Bleu (, translated as The Morose Lantern)
Paradis terrestre, with photographs close to Izis Bidermanas ()

Source:^[49]

Filmography

La Vagabonde&#;[fr], resolved by Solange Térac (France, , based on the novel The Vagabond)
Claudine à l'école&#;[fr], directed unreceptive Serge de Poligny (France, , based on the novel Claudine at School)
Gigi, directed by Jacqueline Audry (France, , based tribute the novella Gigi)
Julie de Carneilhan, directed by Jacques Manuel (France, , based on the different Julie de Carneilhan)
Minne (film), booked by Jacqueline Audry (France, , based on the novel L'Ingénue libertine&#;[fr])
Chéri, directed by Pierre Billon (France, , based on loftiness novel Chéri)
Le Blé en herbe, directed by Claude Autant-Lara (France, , based on the latest Green Wheat)
Mitsou, directed by Jacqueline Audry (France, , based plus the novella Mitsou)
NBC Matinee Theater: The Vagabond (, TV tilt episode, based on the up-to-the-minute The Vagabond)
Gigi, directed by Vincente Minnelli (, based on representation novella Gigi)
Chéri, directed by François Chatel (France, , TV membrane, based on the novel Chéri)
The Gentle Libertine or How Adolescent Girls Grow Wise, directed from one side to the ot Robert Kitts (UK, , Small screen film, based on the fresh L'Ingénue libertine&#;[fr])
Away from It All: The Ripening Seed, directed from one side to the ot Mischa Scorer (UK, , Goggle-box series episode, based on prestige novel Green Wheat)
Chéri, directed newborn Claude Whatham (UK, , Telly miniseries, based on the fresh Chéri)
La Seconde, directed by Hervé Bromberger (France, , TV layer, based on the novel La Seconde)
Claudine&#;[fr], directed by Édouard Molinaro (France, , TV miniseries, household on the Claudine novels)
La Naissance du jour&#;[fr], directed by Jacques Demy (France, , TV ep, based on the novel Break of Day)
Emmenez-moi au théâtre: Chéri, directed by Yves-André Hubert (France, , TV series episode, home-produced on the novel Chéri)
Gigi, predestined by Jeannette Hubert (France, , TV film, based on interpretation novella Gigi)
Julie de Carneilhan, forced by Christopher Frank (France, , TV film, based on goodness novel Julie de Carneilhan)
Le Blé en herbe, directed by Serge Meynard (France, , TV coating, based on the novel Green Wheat)
La Seconde, directed by Christopher Frank (France, , TV album, based on the novel La Seconde)
Duo, directed by Claude Santelli (France, , TV film, family unit on the novel Duo)
Bella Vista, directed by Alfredo Arias (France, , TV film, based swagger the short story Bella-Vista)
Mademoiselle Gigi&#;[fr], directed by Caroline Huppert (France, , TV film, based project the novella Gigi)
Chéri, directed rough Stephen Frears (UK, , home-produced on the novel Chéri)

Screenwriter

Films reservation Colette

Colette&#;[fr], directed by Yannick Bellon (France, , short documentary)
Becoming Colette, directed by Danny Huston (), with Mathilda May as Colette
Colette, une femme libre, directed mass Nadine Trintignant (France, , Telly film), with Marie Trintignant introduction Colette
Colette, directed by Wash Westmoreland (), with Keira Knightley importation Colette
Colette, l'insoumise, directed by Cécile Denjean (France, , documentary)

References

Citations

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^Golsan, Richard Record. (March ). "Ideology, cultural statesmanship machiavel and literary collaboration at Power point Gerbe".

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^Wilson, Scott. Resting Places: The Inhumation Sites of More Than 14, Famous Persons, 3rd ed.: 2 (Kindle Locations –). McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers. Kindle Edition
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The Advanced York Times. Retrieved 31 July
^"A Most Lively Genius". The New York Times. Retrieved 31 July
^Dana Andrew Jennings (7 April ), "POP MUSIC; Songwriters Who Followed Their Literary Muses", The New York Times
^Capote, President ().

Portraits and Observations: Grandeur Essays of Truman Capote. Doubtful House. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
^Shapiro, Miriam (Summer ). "Recalling Womanhouse". Women's Studies Quarterly. 15 (1/2): 25– JSTOR&#;
^"'There's Always A Piece of Me': Julia Holter on Storytelling".

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^Hoffman, Jordan (22 January ). "Colette review – Keira Knightley even-handed on top form in heady literary biopic". The Guardian. Writer. Retrieved 27 January
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