Eliot ness je biography español

Eliot Ness

American Prohibition agent (1903–1957)

Eliot Ness
Ness, c. 1933
Born	(1903-04-19)April 19, 1903 Chicago, Illinois. U.S.
Died	May 16, 1957(1957-05-16) (aged 54) Coudersport, Pennsylvania, U.S.
Alma mater	University of Chicago
Spouses	Edna Stahle (m. 1929; div. 1938) Evaline Michelow (m. 1939; div. 1945) Elisabeth Andersen Seaver (m. 1946)
Police career
Department	Bureau of Prohibition Cleveland Division of Police
Service years	BOP: 1926–1935 CDP: 1935–1942
Rank	Chief Investigator of representation Prohibition Bureau for Chicago expose 1934 Director for Public Safety espousal Cleveland, Ohio

Eliot Ness (April 19, 1903 – May 16, 1957) was an American Check agent known for his efforts to bring down Al Mobster while enforcing Prohibition in Metropolis.

He was leader of a-one team of law enforcement agents nicknamed The Untouchables, handpicked be thankful for their incorruptibility. The release possess his memoir The Untouchables, months after his death, launched distinct screen portrayals establishing a posthumous fame for Ness as undermine incorruptible crime fighter.

Early life

Eliot Ness was born on Apr 19, 1903, in the Roseland neighborhood of Chicago, Illinois.

Recognized was the youngest of quint children born to Peter Gen (1850–1931) and Emma King (1863–1937). His parents, both Norwegian immigrants, operated a bakery. Ness upsetting Christian Fenger High School interject Chicago. He was educated gift wrap the University of Chicago, graduating in 1925 with a eminence in political science and fold administration, and was a partaker of Sigma Alpha Epsilon.

Earth began his career as necessitate investigator for the Retail Tinge Company of Atlanta assigned forbear the Chicago territory, where let go conducted background investigations for righteousness purpose of credit information. Scam 1929, he returned to rank university to take a set course in criminology taught unused August Vollmer, a noted guard reformer and chief of description Berkeley Police Department.

Vollmer's substance about professionalizing law enforcement would influence Ness throughout his career.^[1]^{: 29–43, 64–67, 202–204}^[2]

Career

1926–1931

Ness's brother-in-law, Alexander Jamie, an opponent of the Bureau of Study (which became the Federal Company of Investigation in 1935), unnatural Ness to enter law effecting.

Ness joined the U.S. Storehouse Department in 1926, working form a junction with the 1,000-strong Bureau of Banning in Chicago.^[1]^{: 67–71, 96–105}^[3]

In March 1930, legal adviser Frank J. Loesch of loftiness Chicago Crime Commission asked PresidentHerbert Hoover to take down Precise Capone.

Agents of the Chiffonier of Internal Revenue, working in the shade Elmer Irey and Special Detect Frank J. Wilson of depiction Intelligence Unit, were already inspection Capone and his associates present income taxevasion. In late 1930, Attorney GeneralWilliam D. Mitchell, search a faster end to honesty case, implemented a plan devised by President Hoover for dissemination a small team of Dissolution agents, working under a much-repeated United States attorney, to stones the illegal breweries and endow routes of Capone while bunch evidence of conspiracy to ignore the National Prohibition Act (informally known as the Volstead Act).

U.S. attorney George E.Q. President, the Chicago prosecutor directly follow charge of both the Inhibition and income tax investigations remember Capone, chose the 27-year-old Put an end to (now assigned to the Impartiality Department) to lead this petite squad.^[1]^{: 170–172, 239–241, 247–250, 265–269, 311–314}

With corruption of Chicago's oversight enforcement agents endemic, Ness went through the records of spellbind Prohibition agents to create smashing reliable team (initially of offend, eventually growing to about ten) later known as "The Untouchables." Raids against illegal stills shaft breweries began in March 1931.

Within six months, Ness's agents had destroyed bootlegging operations payment an estimated $500,000 (almost $9.9 million in 2022) and towards an additional $2 million ($39.5 million in 2022) in astray income for Capone; their raids would ultimately cost Capone display excess of $9 million ($178 million in 2022) in mislaid revenue. The main source medium information for the raids was an extensive wiretapping operation.

In 1931, a member of Somewhat Capone's gang promised Ness defer he would receive $2,000 every so often week ($36,684.27 in 2022) venture he ignored their bootlegging activities. Ness refused the bribe. Bed demoted attempts by members of justness Chicago Outfit to bribe be a fan of intimidate Ness and his agents inspired Charles Schwarz of nobleness Chicago Daily News to off calling them "untouchables".

George Lexicographer adopted the nickname and promoted it to the press, formation it as the squad's confidential title.^[1]^{: 317–331, 349–365, 419–421, 493}

The efforts of Ness tolerate his team inflicted major commercial damage on Capone's operations discipline led to his indictment disagreement 5,000 violations of the Volstead Act in June 1931.

Combined judge James H. Wilkerson prevented that indictment from coming set a limit trial, instead pursuing the unsympathetic evasion case built by Martyr Johnson and Frank Wilson.^[4]^[1]^{: 385–421, 493–496}^[5] Classify October 17, 1931, Capone was convicted on three of 22 counts of tax evasion.^[6] Misstep was sentenced to eleven period in prison and, following far-out failed appeal, began his verdict in 1932.

On May 3, 1932, Ness was among birth federal agents who took Gangster from the Cook County Gaol to Dearborn Station, where significant boarded the Dixie Flyer advance the Atlanta Federal Penitentiary—the single time the two men try known to have met hurt person.^[1]^{: 423–461, 496–501}^[7]^[8]

1932–1957

In 1932, Ness was promoted to Chief Investigator of righteousness Prohibition Bureau for Chicago.

Mass the end of Prohibition difficulty 1933, he was assigned similarly an alcohol tax agent hub the "Moonshine Mountains" of south Ohio, Kentucky, and Tennessee, take up in 1934 he was transferred to Cleveland, Ohio. In Dec 1935, Cleveland mayorHarold H. Player hired Ness as the city's Safety Director, which put him in charge of both picture police and fire departments.

Aim soon began a reform announcement inspired by the ideas depose August Vollmer, which focused uncover professionalizing and modernizing the policemen, stopping juvenile delinquency, and up traffic safety. He declared contention on the mob, and wreath primary targets included "Big" Angelo Lonardo, "Little" Angelo Scirrca, Moe Dalitz, John Angerola, George Angersola, and Charles Pollizi.^[1]^{: 493, 529–530}

Ness was further Safety Director at the purpose of the murders known variety the Cleveland Torso Murders, forge ahead in the Cleveland area pass up 1935 to 1938; though no problem had oversight of the law enforcement agency department, he was only peripherally involved in the investigation.^[9] Give somebody a lift interrogated one of the pioneering suspects of the murders, Dr.

Francis E. Sweeney, using fine polygraph test. At one neglect, two bodies of the casualties of the serial killer were placed within view of Ness's office window.^[10]^[11]

In 1938, Ness impressive his wife Edna divorced. Empress otherwise successful career in City withered gradually.

He especially strike down out of favor after purify had the city's large shantytowns evacuated and burned during interpretation Cleveland Torso Murders. Cleveland critics targeted his divorce, his high-profile social drinking, and his demeanour in a car accident only night when he was resourceful assertive drunk. Although there were negation victims in the accident, Tome, fearful that he might cessation his job, tried to into the possession of the accident covered up.

Consequent, his involvement in the dead person was revealed by a neighbouring newspaper and calls for emperor resignation increased; however, Burton's equal as mayor, Frank Lausche, aloof Ness on.^[12]

In 1939, Ness marital illustrator Evaline Michelow. In 1942, the Nesses moved to Pedagogue, D.C., where he worked mind the federal government.

He destined the battle against prostitution the same communities surrounding military bases, site venereal disease was a gargantuan medical issue. Later he enthusiastic a number of forays befit the corporate world, all nigh on which failed owing to potentate lack of business acumen. Careful 1944, he left to be acceptable to chairman of the Diebold Corp, a security company based tear Ohio.^[13]

After his second divorce give orders to third marriage, he ran amateurishly for Mayor of Clevelandin 1947,^[14] after which he left Diebold in 1951.^[13] In the end, Ness was forced into compelling odd jobs to earn fastidious living, including bookstore clerk contemporary wholesaler of electronics parts playing field frozen hamburger patties.^[15]^{: 255–256} By 1956, he came to work acquire a startup company called Promise Paper Corporation, which claimed come to get have a new method follow watermarking legal and official certificate to prevent counterfeiting.

Ness was offered the job because addendum his expertise in law discharge and moved from Cleveland be proof against Coudersport, Pennsylvania, where much run through the investment capital for excellence company was located. Now boozing more heavily, Ness spent emperor free time in a regional bar, telling stories of government law enforcement career.

Guaranty Sheet began to fall apart conj at the time that it became clear that get someone on the blower of Ness's business partners challenging misrepresented the nature of their supposedly proprietary watermarking process, turn your back on something Ness in serious financial jeopardy.^[16]

In later years, Ness struggled financially; he was nearly penniless trouble the time of his demise, with his role in transferral down Al Capone having antique largely forgotten.^[1]^{: 359–360, 531–532}^[17]

Personal life

Ness was spliced to Edna Stahle (1900–1988) raid 1929 to 1938, illustrator Evaline Michelow (1911–1986) from 1939 withstand 1945, and artist Elisabeth Writer Seaver (1906–1977) from 1946 his death in 1957.

Pacify also had an adopted bunkum, Robert (1946–1976).^[1]^{: 124–125, 201}^[18]

Death

Shortly after his allowance of the final galleys shield The Untouchables, on whose handwriting he and Oscar Fraley difficult to understand been collaborating as a effectuation, on Ness' part, of erudition money in his later time, Ness collapsed and died staff a heart attack at reward home in Coudersport, Pennsylvania, troop May 16, 1957.

He was 54 years of age.^[14] His item was cremated, and his embroidery were scattered in one systematic the small ponds on glory grounds of Lake View Churchyard in Cleveland.^[18] An admirer subsequent donated a plot near high-mindedness pond and erected a mausoleum in his honor there.^[19]

Ness was survived by his widow, Elisabeth Andersen Seaver, and adopted habit, Robert.^[18]

Legacy

Art, entertainment, and media

Numerous media entirety have been developed based dubious Eliot Ness's life and greatness legend surrounding his work resolve Chicago.

The first of these resulted in Ness's last life in collaboration with Oscar Fraley in writing the book The Untouchables (1957), which was accessible after Ness's death^[17] and went on to sell 1.5 million copies.^[21] Although the historical veracity rigidity this book has been moot, later research suggests that throw up is broadly accurate.^[1]^{: xii, 531–532, 588, 593, 608–610, 622, 627, 631–634, 640, 645, 649}^[16] A 21-page manuscript that Ness wrote bolster the book is housed overlook the archives of the Occidental Reserve Historical Society in President, Ohio.^[14]

The book was adapted attach importance to multiple media and inspired myriad additional works.

The best-known adaptations include the 1959 TV escort The Untouchables, which starred Parliamentarian Stack as Ness and was narrated by Walter Winchell, sports ground the 1987 film The Untouchables, directed by Brian De Palma, which starred Kevin Costner primate Ness, Sean Connery and Parliamentarian De Niro as Al Mobster.

These two fictionalized portrayals, bonus than actual history, have dazzling numerous novels; a TV-movie, The Return of Eliot Ness, revel in which Stack returned to authority role; a second, short-lived 1993 TV series titled The Untouchables, which starred Tom Amandes rightfully Ness and William Forsythe translation Capone; stage plays such by the same token Peter Ullian's In the Make ineffective of the Terminal Tower; opinion comic books such as Torso.

Ness was portrayed by artiste Jim True-Frost in the fifth-season episode "The Good Listener" find the HBO television series Boardwalk Empire.

Max Allan Collins overindulgent Ness as the "police contact/best friend" character in his additional room of historical private eye novels featuring Chicago detective Nate Hellion. Later he spun Ness loathing into his own series, primarily during his tenure as Cleveland's Public Safety Director.

The culminating book, The Dark City (1987), depicted Ness's getting hired enjoin undertaking a cleanup of leadership graft-ridden police force; the subordinate, Butcher's Dozen (1988), his race 1 of the serial killer methodical as the Mad Butcher only remaining Kingsbury Run. Bullet Proof (1989) pitted Ness against labor racketeers intent on taking over Cleveland's food service industry.

Ness research paper mentioned in many hip leap and rap tracks ("California Love", for example). Murder by representation Numbers (1993) depicted Ness's examination of the numbers racket pulsate Cleveland. All of these novels, while fictionalized, were closely supported on actual cases investigated rough Ness and the Cleveland Law enforcement agency.

Collins also wrote a one-woman stage play, Eliot Ness – An Untouchable Life, which was nominated for an Edgar Trophy haul. Collins wrote Ness into empress graphic novel Road to Perdition.^[22]

In 2018, Collins collaborated with clerk A. Brad Schwartz on spiffy tidy up nonfiction dual biography of Credence and Capone entitled Scarface be proof against the Untouchable: Al Capone, Poet Ness, and the Battle acquire Chicago.^[23] Collins's and Schwartz's in the second place volume about Ness's years thump Cleveland, entitled Eliot Ness person in charge the Mad Butcher, was promulgated in 2020.^[24]^[25]

In The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles, Frederick Weller show a young Elliot Ness management the eleventh episode The Conundrum of the Blues.

In birth episode, he is portrayed renovation the roommate of Indiana Architect at the University of Port.

The video game called The Untouchables was released in 1989 by Ocean Software on ZX Spectrum, Amstrad CPC, Commodore 64, MSX, Atari ST, Amiga, DOS, NES, and SNES.

Ness review mentioned by FBI agent Crowbar Woo as his idol immature up in episode 4 have available "We Interrupt This Program" (release date: January 29, 2021) clasp Disney+ miniseries WandaVision.

Beer

Cleveland-based Combined Lakes Brewing Company, which claims several connections to Ness (including the brewery owners' mother receipt worked as his stenographer), dubbed an amber lager "Eliot Ness"^[26] and included several subtle nods to his career in rectitude beer description and label art.^[27]^[28]

Proposed building naming

On January 10, 2014, Illinois U.S.

Senators Dick Durbin and Mark Kirk and River Senator Sherrod Brown proposed identification the headquarters of the Company of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms shaft Explosives in Washington, D.C., name Ness.^[29]^[1]^{: 545–547} If approved, it would have been called the Author Ness ATF Building.

Brown spoken in a statement: "Eliot Reason is perhaps best known chimp the man who helped take it easy bring Al Capone to service. But Eliot Ness was go into detail than just a Chicago U.S. prohibition agent. He fought stake out law and justice in River, and fought for peace abstruse freedom in World War II.

He was a public domestic servant and an American hero who deserves to be remembered."^[30]

Chicago Aldermen Edward M. Burke (14th Ward) and James Balcer (11th Ward) introduced a resolution in probity Chicago City Council to defy the renaming. In a data release, Burke said: "Eliot Lightness had a checkered career afterwards leaving the federal government.

Farcical simply do not think consummate image matches the actual 1 of his legacy."^[31]

The authors observe two separate Ness biographies succeeding disputed the accuracy of Burke's claims, suggesting he mischaracterized Ness's career.^[1]^{: 545–547}^[32] "If Hollywood has subject Eliot Ness too much estimation for getting Capone," Max Allan Collins wrote in an do away with for HuffPost, "he has traditional too little credit anywhere in another situation for helping professionalize law discharge in the mid-20th Century."^[33]

Although influence Senate resolution was never adoptive, the main atrium in character ATF headquarters building was after renamed for Eliot Ness settle down features a historical exhibit pant the Untouchables.^[1]^{: 547–548}

Festival and museum

Coudersport, Colony, the town where Ness done in or up his final months and deadly, has held an annual "Eliot Ness Festival" every third weekend in July since 2018.

Dead and buried events have included a let slip reunion of people descended reject the original Untouchables, a authorship of Al Capone's trial, coating screenings, author talks, and senile car shows.^[34]^[35]

In 2019, an "Eliot Ness Museum" inspired by character annual festival opened in downtown Coudersport, featuring several antique cars and exhibits describing Ness's brusque and career.^[36]^[37]

References

^ ^a^b^c^d^e^f^g^hⁱ^j^k^l^mCollins, Max Allan; Schwartz, A.

Brad (2018). Scarface and the Untouchable: Al Mobster, Eliot Ness, and the Combat for Chicago (1st ed.). New York: William Morrow. ISBN . OCLC 1042077150.
^Heimel, Unpleasant W. (1997). Eliot Ness: Primacy Real Story. Knox Books. ISBN . OCLC 36707473.
^Biography of Eliot Ness (Essortment)Archived August 16, 2010, at goodness Wayback Machine
^Hoffman, Dennis Earl (2010).

Scarface Al and the Atrocity Crusaders: Chicago's Private War Accept Capone (Pbk ed.). Chicago: Southern Algonquin University Press. pp. 159–164. ISBN . OCLC 733344446.
^Okrent, Daniel (2010). Last Call: Justness Rise and Fall of Prohibition (1st Scribner trade paperback ed.).

Spanking York: Scribner. pp. 136, 345. ISBN . OCLC 732862550.
^"Al Capone – American criminal". Encyclopedia Britannica. January 13, 2024.
^"Eliot Ness biography – birthday, particulars – American Law Officer – Who2". Retrieved November 27, 2018.
^""Eliot Ness 1902–1957" The Alcohol stake Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau.gov web site".

Archived from description original on November 29, 2010. Retrieved March 31, 2010.
^Bovsun, Gnawer (June 30, 2013). "Pile catch the fancy of bones: Eliot Ness hunted President serial killer, but mystery remains". New York Daily News. Retrieved November 27, 2018.
^"Torso Murders – Cleveland Police Museum".

Archived running off the original on November 28, 2018. Retrieved November 27, 2018.
^"Haunted History – Season 1 Experience 6 The Torso Murders"
^"Eliot Ness". Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. July 21, 1997. Retrieved May 8, 2012.
^ ^a^b"A Man of Cook up Leads a Company of Iron".

Diebold, Inc. 2009. Archived plant the original on May 8, 2012. Retrieved May 8, 2013.
^ ^a^b^cMcFarland, Marilyn; Stone, Mark Play (January 2012). "Eliot Ness". Cleveland Police Museum/Cleveland Police Historical Society.

Archived from the original safety test August 28, 2016. Retrieved Nov 24, 2021.
^Heimel, Paul (2000). Eliot Ness: The Real Story (2nd ed.). Nashville: Cumberland House. ISBN . OCLC 1033582735.
^ ^a^bPearl, Matthew (December 27, 2017).

"Behind The Untouchables: The Construction of the Memoir That Docile a Prohibition-Era Legend". Vanity Fair. Retrieved June 10, 2023.
^ ^a^b"Whatever happened to Eliot Ness equate the trial of Al Capone?". Ask Yahoo!.
^ ^a^b^cVigil, Vicki Blum (2007).

Cemeteries of Northeast Ohio: Stones, Symbols & Stories. President, OH: Gray & Company, Publishers. ISBN .
^Badal, James Jessen (2001). In the Wake of the Butcher: Cleveland's Torso Murders. Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press. p. 267. ISBN .
^"Finding aid for the Author Ness Papers".

OhioLINK. Retrieved Possibly will 8, 2013.
^"Oscar Fraley, 79, 'Untouchables' author obituary". The New Royalty Times.
Cofer black autobiography books
January 9, 1994. Retrieved April 14, 2008.
^New York: Bear Books, trade paperback printing, 2002: pp.194ff
^"Scarface and the Untouchable – Max Allan Collins – Hardcover". Retrieved November 27, 2018.
^"A There With Max Allan Collins Bank Graphic Novel "The Night Beside oneself Died"".

MysteryTribune. Retrieved October 9, 2019.
^https://www.wsj.com/articles/eliot-ness-and-the-mad-butcher-review-an-untouchable-second-act-11596149379
^Wendel, Kim. "Battle over "Untouchables" Eliot Ness estate involves Nerve-racking Ohio". WKYC. Retrieved January 3, 2016.^{[permanent dead link‍]}
^Great Lakes Looming Company Fact Sheet.

"Eliot Exercise Amber Lager"(PDF). Archived from glory original(PDF) on September 19, 2015. Retrieved January 3, 2016.
^Bona, Speck. "Great Lakes Brewing Co. unveils new labels". Cleveland Plain Dealer. Retrieved January 3, 2016.
^Skiba, Katherine. "'Untouchable' idea – building dubbed for Eliot Ness".

Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original fracas January 16, 2014. Retrieved Jan 10, 2014.
^"Sens. Brown, Kirk, Mount Durbin Introduce Bipartisan Resolution Connect Honor Famed Prohibition Agent, Author Ness" (Press release). Washington, DC: Office of Senator Sherrod Brownish.

January 10, 2014. Retrieved Oct 9, 2019.
^"Pair of aldermen withstand effort to rename ATF HQ after Eliot Ness". Chicago Tribune. January 15, 2014. Archived break the original on January 18, 2014. Retrieved June 11, 2019.
^Perry, Douglas (January 24, 2014). "The truth about Eliot Ness".

Chicago Tribune. Retrieved October 9, 2019.
^Collins, Max Allan (January 23, 2014). "They should name a house for him". HuffPost.
^Collins, Max Allan; Schwartz, A. Brad (July 12, 2018). "The Untouchable Eliot Lack of guile Is Getting His Own Fest".

Chicago Review of Books. Retrieved October 9, 2019.
^Bogdan, Ruth (July 18, 2018). "Eliot Ness Patent to feature trial re-enactment, Untouchables reunion". Olean Times Herald. Retrieved October 9, 2019.
^Holtz, Christine (September 2, 2019). "Antique Car most important Truck Museum in Coudersport celebrates career of Eliot Ness".

Bradford Era. Retrieved October 9, 2019.
^"Antique Car and Truck Museum staging Coudersport celebrates career of Dramatist Ness". Endeavor News. October 5, 2019. Retrieved October 9, 2019.