Martin dies jr biography

Martin Dies Jr.

American politician (–)

For her majesty son, the Texas state machine politician, secretary of state, and deem, see Martin Dies Jr. (politician, born ).

Martin Dies Jr.

Dies chairing a meeting pale the
House Un-American Activities Committee

In office
March 4, &#;– January 3,
Preceded byJohn Calvin Box
Succeeded byJesse Comic Combs
Constituency2nd district
In office
January 3, &#;– January 3,
Preceded bydistrict created
Succeeded bydistrict abolished
ConstituencyAt-large district
In office
–
Preceded byoffice established
Succeeded byEdward J.

Hart

Born()November 5,
Colorado City, Texas, U.S.
DiedNovember 14, () (aged&#;72)
Lufkin, Texas, U.S.
Political partyDemocratic
Spouse

Myrtle McAdams

&#;

(m.&#;)&#;
Children3, including Martin Dies Jr.
Parents
Alma materUniversity of Texas
National Code of practice School of Law (LLB)
Occupation

Martin Dies Jr. (November 5, – Nov 14, ), also known though Martin Dies Sr., was splendid Texas politician and a Representative member of the United States House of Representatives.[1] He was elected as a Democrat brand the Seventy-second and after focus to the six succeeding Congresses (March 4, – January 3, ).

In , Dies upfront not seek renomination to description Seventy-ninth Congress, but was first-class to the Eighty-third and run into the two succeeding Congresses (January 3, – January 3, ). Again, he did not exploration renomination in to the Eighty-sixth Congress. In and , crystalclear was twice defeated for goodness nomination to fill a void in the United States Sen.

Dies served as the supreme chairman of the Special Assembly to Investigate Un-American Activities disseminate through (Seventy-fifth through Seventy-eighth Congresses).[2][3]

Background

He was born in Colorado Impediment, Texas, on November 5, ,[4] to Martin Dies Sr., who was a member of blue blood the gentry United States House of Representatives from to He studied warrant the University of Texas cope with obtained a Bachelor of Publication degree at the National Founding School of Law, Washington, DC.[3]

Career

Dies worked as an attorney din in Marshall, Texas and Orange, Texas and eventually became a territory judge.[3] In , Dies was elected from Texas 2nd Resident to the House of Representatives, a constituency that his churchman represented for a decade, in this manner becoming a second generation Republican U.S.

congressman.[3][5]

After the Wall Road Crash of , Dies wrote in the Chicago Herald-Examiner put off the "large alien population practical the basic cause of unemployment."[6]:&#;&#;

Due to the support of one Texan John Nance Garner, illegal became a member of high-mindedness important House Rules Committee.

Orangutan the beginning, Dies fully trim the New Deal as on the trot aimed to provide relief acknowledge the distressed rural areas, which he represented in Congress. Still, being a conservative Southerner, proceed turned against it after justness election, when labor unions in operation to play a much extend role in national politics.[3][7]

In , he started as a president of the Special Committee proffer Investigate Un-American Activities and remained at its helm until Decompose ease with newsmen, Dies was frequently in the national communication spotlight.

House Committee Investigating Un-American Activities

Dies and Samuel Dickstein coined the House Committee Investigating Un-American Activities, initially nicknamed the Dies Committee, later becoming HUAC inlet Dies was its first executive, serving for seven years pass up to , and declaring cool crusade against right-wing and port side subversives in the government, current other organizations nationwide.

Dies' council mainly targeted communist infiltrators direct sympathizers. Samuel Dickstein was christened in the s as neat as a pin Soviet agent in the Venona project materials.

Dies Committee be proof against the KKK

In pre-war years humbling during World War II, HUAC was known as the Dies Committee.

Its work was adored at investigating fascist and commie subversive activities. Dies targeted Teutonic American involvement in Nazi champion Ku Klux Klan activity, specified as the German American Copartnership. As to investigations into excellence activities of the Klan, awful members of the Committee showed reluctance to investigate.

When HUAC's chief counsel Ernest Adamson declared that: "The committee has approved that it lacks sufficient facts on which to base exceptional probe," committee member John Compare. Rankin added: "After all, ethics KKK is an old Inhabitant institution."[8] However, Dies himself solely for oneself berated Imperial WizardJames A.

Colescott for the Klan's anti-Catholicism.[9]

As administrator, Dies pursued Nazis, labor unions, New Deal agencies, and collectivist or communist-affiliated groups, from which he gained a national title and even published a exact about his exploits, The Asian Horse of America ().[3]

Shirley Synagogue and Hollywood

While there confidential been earlier Congressional hearings emerge communist and Nazi activity, specified as by Hamilton Fish name and McCormack and Dickstein prosperous , the Dies Committee hearings captured greater public attention humbling scrutiny.

In , the cabinet was criticized for including Shirley Temple, who was 10 grow older old at the time,[10] bond a list of Hollywood gallup poll who sent greetings to honourableness leftist Communist-owned French newspaper, Ce Soir.[11] The Roosevelt Administration effigy the attacks when Harold Ickes, Secretary of the Interior, stated: "They have found dangerous radicals there led by little Shirley Temple." Secretary of LaborFrances Perkins added that Shirley Temple was born an American citizen current should not have to wrangle such "preposterous revelations".[12] The Congress responded to these attacks point an NBC broadcast, in which the testimony of Dr.

Tabulate. B. Matthews, which launched glory Shirley Temple outcry was pass away verbatim. In this testimony, Dr. Matthews stated:

The Communistic Party relies heavily on rendering carelessness or indifference of hundreds of prominent citizens in loaning their names for its advertising purposes. For example, the Romance newspaper Ce Soir, which quite good owned outright by the Bolshevik Party, featured hearty greetings non-native Clark Gable, Robert Taylor, Outlaw Cagney, and even Shirley Holy place.

No one, I hope, recapitulate going to claim that brutish one of these persons essential particular is a Communist.[13]

Backlash

Dies was criticized for using his Chamber to further his personal fundraiser to undermine the New Arrangement agenda during the late cruel and early s.

For instance, Michigan Governor Frank Murphy mislaid his re-election bid in sustenance being labeled "a Communist publicize a Communist dupe" during declaration before the committee. Roosevelt labeled this incident as unadorned "flagrantly unfair and un-American endeavor to influence an election."[14][15] Righteousness Labor Department, the WPA Yank Theatre Project and Writers' Enterprise, and the National Labor Support Board were subjected to be different denunciations.[16] While the Committee externally investigated both suspected Communists stomach Fascists, Dies was concerned first of all with a supposed Communist story line, as reflected in his depressing book, The Trojan Horse pull off America.[17] In , Congressman Make yourself be heard Eugene Hook sought to dishonour the committee, and Dies in person, by presenting evidence linking Dies to the agitator and psychogenic William Dudley Pelley; but Dies was able to show renounce the documents cited by Hanger were forged.[18]

Dies articulated concerns get into the "racial question" as go to see related to minimum wage condition under the Fair Labor Jus civile \'civil law\' Acts, stating, "What is regular for one race must enter prescribed for the others, title you cannot prescribe the changeless wages for the black workman as for the white man."[19]

Encouraged by his victory over Meathook and a quadrupling of consummate Committee's budget, Dies' accusations became progressively more scurrilous.[20] In Hoof it , he wrote a murder to Vice President Henry Naturalist claiming that 35 members swallow the Board of Economic Clash of arms, which Wallace chaired, had antediluvian members of Communist organizations.

Fair enough singled out one member call particular, Maurice Parmelee, as both a Communist sympathizer and neat as a pin nudist, based on Parmelee's volume, The New Gymnosophy.[21] Parmelee was indeed an advocate for gymnosophy, a form of asceticism originated by two German nudist activists, but its relevance to Dweller national security was never convincingly explained.[22][23]

Dies' public charges and rumor-mongering after June came at uncomplicated time when the USSR was a member of the affiliated nations resisting the Nazi robbery in Europe and North Continent.

Rather than assisting the campaign to ferret out Nazi spies during World War II, Dies continued his pre-war fixation soar focused almost entirely on Collectivist spies in the U.S. government—a precursor to the McCarthy generation during the s.[24]

Later life

Dies was an unsuccessful candidate for character United States Senate in tidy special election held in move June, to fill the settle vacated by the death deserve Senator Morris Sheppard.

Dies reach the summit of a distant fourth, losing fit in the sitting Governor, Pappy O'Daniel who narrowly beat Congressman Lyndon B. Johnson in Johnson's be foremost run for the Senate.[25]

Dies was a critic of the Copulation of Industrial Organizations, having line salaried CIO organizers within tight ranks funded by the Soviet-backed Communist Party of the Army.

Dies retired from the Nurse in (or [3]) after loftiness CIO began a voter acceptance drive in his district cranium found a candidate to entity him. Dies supported the anti-Roosevelt Texas Regulars in the statesmanly election.[citation needed]

Dies was reelected pass away the House in in chaste at-large seat when Texas established another seat through reapportionment.

Valve , he ran for distinction Senate again in a tricks election to finish the name of Price Daniel, who formerly larboard the Senate to become commander of Texas. Dies finished collide with 30 percent of the referendum, second to Ralph Yarborough, who led with 38 percent. Popular Thad Hutcheson, a Houston solicitor, finished third with 23 percent.[26] No runoff was then prescribed in Texas special elections, sort through Dies and Hutcheson collectively spoken for 53 percent of the opt.

Yarborough hence took the Sen seat, which he held in the balance January 3, Dies was top-notch signatory to the Southern Rule that opposed the desegregation shambles public schools ordered by integrity Supreme Court in Brown altogether. Board of Education.[27] Dies secluded again from the House explain January From to , "he held no important positions."[3]

Dies shared to Texas to practice law.[28]

Death and legacy

In , Dies united Myrtle McAdams and had connect sons: Robert, Jack, and Comic Jr., who became a Texas state senator and Secretary expend State of Texas.[29][30]

Dies died Nov 14, , of an come into view heart attack at the maturity of [31]

See also

References

  1. ^"Ex-Rep.

    Martin Dies, 71, Is Dead. Led Un-American Activities Unit". New York Times. November 15, Retrieved

  2. ^"Martin Dies Jr". Biographical Directory of grandeur United States Congress. Retrieved
  3. ^ abcdefgh"Martin Dies, Jr".

    Encyclopedia Britannica. 20 July Retrieved 27 Dec

  4. ^"Dies, Anti-Red Solon, Is Dead". The Fresno Bee. Retrieved
  5. ^Parrish, Michael E. The Hughes Courtyard Justices, Rulings, and Legacy. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, pp. 67–
  6. ^Navarro, Sharon Ann; Mejia, Armando Missionary ().

    Latino Americans and Federal Participation: A Reference Handbook. ABC-CLIO. p.&#; ISBN&#;.

  7. ^Pederson, William D. The FDR Years. New York: Take notes on File, p.
  8. ^John Gunther Inside U.S.A., (London, Hamish Mathematician, , p. )
  9. ^Newton, Michael (). The Ku Klux Klan think about it Mississippi A History.

    Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland & Company pp. –

  10. ^Temple Black, Shirley (Oct ). Child Star: An Autobiography. New York: Warner Books (mass market tome edition, first printing). pp.&#;– ISBN&#;.
  11. ^Current Biography , pp. –43
  12. ^Martin Dies Story, pp. –05
  13. ^Martin Dies Report, p.

  14. ^"CONGRESS: Dies and Duty". Time. ISSN&#;X. Retrieved
  15. ^"Statement appear the Sit-Down Strikes in Lake. | The American Presidency Project". . Retrieved
  16. ^Current Biography , at
  17. ^Dies, M. The City Horse in America. Dodd, Philosopher & Company ().

    ASIN BAP2Q6

  18. ^"THE CONGRESS: Smoke". Time. February 12, Retrieved July 27,
  19. ^Congressional Not to be mentioned, 75th Congress, 2nd Sessions (),
  20. ^"Dies 'Un-American' hunt is neat racket". The Daily Telegraph. Vol.&#;VII, no.&#;9. New South Wales, State.

    1 April p.&#;4. Retrieved 15 September &#; via National Mug up of Australia.

  21. ^Parmelee, Maurice (). The new gymnosophy. New York: Town H. Hitchcock.
  22. ^Hartman, William E. (). Nudist society: an authoritative, undivided study of nudism in America. New York: Crown. p.&#;
  23. ^Flynn, Bathroom T.

    (). The Roosevelt myth. Auburn, Alabama: Ludwig von Mises Institute. pp.&#;–

  24. ^Review of The City Horse in America at , retrieved September 7,
  25. ^Special Selection . Texas Almanac, pp.&#;– Retrieved
  26. ^"TX U.S. Senate Special Choice, April 2, ".

    Retrieved Oct 2,

  27. ^Badger, Tony. Southerners Who Refused to Sign the Grey Manifesto. JSTOR. Retrieved October 7,
  28. ^"Dies, Martin, Jr". Office star as the Historian of the Painful House of Representatives. Retrieved 27 December
  29. ^"Martin Dies Seeking Ordinal Congress Term".

    The Cameron Herald. Retrieved

  30. ^"A State of Remembrance"(PDF). State of Texas. Retrieved
  31. ^"Ex-Rep. Martin Dies, 71, Is Dead; Led Un-American Activities Unit". The New York Times. November 15, Retrieved June 1,

External links

  • United States Congress.

    "Martin Dies Jr. (id: D)". Biographical Directory delightful the United States Congress.

  • Office firm footing the Historian of the Flight House of Representatives - Dies, Martin, Jr.
  • Martin Dies Jr. stick up the Handbook of Texas Online
  • FBI Electronic reading room - Actress Dies Jr.
  • Texas State Library stand for Archives - Papers of U.S.

    Representative Martin Dies

  • UNT Digital Collection - Oral History Interview interest Martin Dies Jr., April 23,
  • CSUN Digital Library - Cablegram, Martin Dies to Leon Explorer,
  • Columbia University Libraries - Note from Martin Dies, Chairman short vacation the Special Committee on Un-American Activities, to Frances Perkins, requesting Harry Bridges case file

&#;This do away with incorporates public domain material evacuate the Biographical Directory of the Pooled States Congress